Erythropoietin (EPO) is a hormone produced by the kidneys that plays a crucial role in the production of red blood cells (erythropoiesis). It is primarily responsible for regulating the number of red blood cells in the body.
When the oxygen levels in the body decrease, such as during high altitude or in cases of anemia, the kidneys detect this low oxygen concentration and release EPO into the bloodstream. EPO then travels to the bone marrow, where it stimulates the production of red blood cells.
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