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Ethinyl estradiol is a synthetic form of the hormone estrogen. It is commonly used in combination with a progestin hormone in various forms of hormonal contraception, such as birth control pills, patches, and vaginal rings.
Ethinyl estradiol works by preventing ovulation, which is the release of an egg from the ovary. It also thickens the cervical mucus, making it more difficult for sperm to reach the egg. Additionally, it alters the lining of the uterus, making it less receptive to the implantation of a fertilized egg.
By inhibiting ovulation and altering the reproductive environment, ethinyl estradiol helps to prevent pregnancy. It is important to note that ethinyl estradiol does not protect against sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and should not be used as a sole method of protection against STIs.