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Sildenafil citrate is a medication commonly used to treat erectile dysfunction (ED) in men. It is sold under the brand name Viagra, among others.
Sildenafil citrate works by inhibiting an enzyme called phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5). This enzyme is responsible for breaking down a chemical called cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), which is involved in the relaxation of smooth muscles and dilation of blood vessels in the penis. By inhibiting PDE5, sildenafil citrate increases the levels of cGMP, leading to improved blood flow to the penis and facilitating an erection.
It is important to note that sildenafil citrate does not cause an erection on its own. Sexual stimulation is still required to initiate the release of nitric oxide, which activates the enzyme guanylate cyclase to produce cGMP. Sildenafil citrate simply enhances the natural process by preventing the breakdown of cGMP, allowing for a longer-lasting and firmer erection.