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Bremelanotide, also known as PT-141, is a synthetic peptide that acts as a melanocortin receptor agonist. It was initially developed as a potential treatment for sexual dysfunction, particularly in women with hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD) and men with erectile dysfunction (ED).
Bremelanotide works by activating melanocortin receptors in the brain, specifically the MC4R (melanocortin 4 receptor). This receptor is involved in regulating sexual desire and arousal. By stimulating the MC4R, bremelanotide increases the release of dopamine, a neurotransmitter associated with pleasure and reward, in the brain's mesolimbic pathway.
In women with HSDD, bremelanotide is believed to enhance sexual desire by increasing the brain's response to sexual stimuli and promoting feelings of sexual interest. In men with ED, it may improve erectile function by increasing blood flow to the genital area.
Bremelanotide is administered as a subcutaneous injection and typically starts working within a few hours after administration. It is important to note that bremelanotide is not a hormone and does not directly affect hormone levels. It is intended for use on an as-needed basis, rather than as a daily medication.